Spectator and Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Spectator and Cinema - Essay Example In the mid-'70s, the concept began to play a major role in the theoretical discussions in Britain and North America, with the result that psychoanalytical studies of the viewing subject have proliferated. In my reading of Wings of Desire, I borrow from several theoreticians of suture, including some who have been at odds with each other concerning the scope and consequence of this concept. Although my reading of Wings of Desire certainly owes much to the French scholars, claims I make concerning Wenders' film run counter to the original polemical thrust of their work. For them, suture denotes the operation by which cinema encloses the subject in ideology. Their analysis bears primarily on dominant Hollywood cinema, and they restrict the scope of suture to the ideological effacement of the cinematic code. They are reductive as well with respect to the semiotic system of suturing, positing at times the shot/reverseshot system or point-of-view cutting as the fundamental cinematic articulation of suture. Other French film theoreticians who complement a general semiotics of cinema with Lacanian notions of the subject and signification, such as Christian Metz and Jean-Louis Baudry, have avoided such a rigid application of suture to the cinematic apparatus and, nevertheless, have arrived at the even more pessimistic conclusion that cinema itself functions as a support and in strument of ideology. (Metz 1974, 39-47) Anglo-American film scholars have expanded on these psychoanalytical theories of cinema without sharing their negative assessment of the basic cinematic apparatus. (MacCabe 1977, 48-76) However, such challenges to the original French position on cinema and ideology have pertained for the most part only to films that resist closure and foreground lack and alienation. Thomas Elsaesser's 1980 article on Fassbinder is an important example of such criticism in the area of German cinema. Focusing on Fassbinder, but also claiming relevance for New German Cinema in general (mentioning by name Herzog, Wenders, Syberberg, and Kluge), Elsaesser responds to the more radical conclusions drawn by Baudry and Metz. He rejects their implication that "the cinema is indeed an invention without a future' because it systematically ties the spectator to a regressive state, in an endless circuit of substitution and fetishization." (Elsaesser 1986, 537) Nevertheless, suture as well as narrative closure of any kind has remained ideologically suspect. Wings of Desire provides, I think, an excellent opportunity to re-examine this bias that, in the wake of Oudart and his successors, persists against identification and narrative (closure). In the discussion of suture, the emphasis has been on processes of identification that position the viewing

Money, Power, and Wall Street Essay Example for Free

Money, Power, and Wall Street Essay The meltdown of 2008 struck the banks when they were unable to adequately deal with the financial crisis. Banks are designed to create and protect one’s wealth, but they took advantage of the people, and let people take many loaning risks that they couldn’t afford. Banks created the credit default swap which transferred credit of fixed income products between parties. In learning about the credit default swap in class, it is understood that the buyer receives credit protection, whereas the seller guarantees the credit. Therefore, the risk of default is transferred from the holder to the seller of the swap. But swaps allowed companies to shed the risks they didn’t want to take. When the banks first created the swaps, it gave investors the opportunity to invest in bank loans. From there, banks sold derivatives on all portfolios by synthetic investment. Investors were able to invest in credit default swap and make it grow. Credit then became a more available asset which stroke employment. Now all banks wanted credit derivatives; which are privately held negotiable contracts that allow consumers to manage their exposure to credit risk. The main problem with this was they assumed risk could be eliminated, but it couldn’t. In order to regulate derivatives, Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933 to establish deposit insurance, and implemented a number of banking regulations. As learning in class, this affected every business in America. There was now a high rating, and high yield. The big return was bankers now bought bundled mortgages. Homebuyers were able to pay double, but lending was too much; making people going bankrupt in home mortgages. Borrowers gave loans greater than the value of that loan, which made the financial bubble burst, creating a recession. With bankers ignoring all the possible risks from the beginning, they feel into a deep crash. Goldman Sachs was the only bank to make money off the bubble burst by betting against their clients.

Comparing the powerful experiences of, You Will Be Hearing Form Us Essa

Comparing the powerful experiences of, You Will Be Hearing Form Us Shortly and Lucozade. The powerful experiences in both â€Å"Lucozade† and â€Å"You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly† are dramatic in their own ways. In â€Å"YWBHFUS† the interviewee is the person you fell sorry for because there are sarcastically being bullied, whereas in â€Å"Lucozade† the powerful experience is the death of her mother. The poem â€Å"YWBHFUS† really makes interviewer means, he/she makes the â€Å"victim† feel really embarrassed and ashamed by saying things like â€Å"Might they, Perhaps, find your appearance disturbing?† This is very rude question and if you are quite shy and embarrassed it does become a rhetorical question. This type of question would really make the person fell bad and put them on the defensive side, t...

Plight of African Americans Essay

African Americans plight throughout U. S. history begin as early in the 1400-s and ending in the 1700-s. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln freed slaves in the southern states through the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans endured many hardships such as not having rights to vote, social inequalities of African Americans were violated, equal social status, social classes, and social circles. Examples of these violation are freedom of speech, property rights, access to health care, education, and transportation. Cultural concerns of African Americans currently include not being acknowledged in most educational settings and lack of our cultural experiences in classroom settings denying African American children the right to know the history of where our ancestry evolved. All of these experiences are and some continue to be the journey of African Americans today Groups and organizations promoting racial equality are the National Association of Advancement for Colored People{NAACP}, Southern Christian Leadership Conference{SCLC}, The National Urban League, Rainbow/Push Coalition each helped paved the way for equality of races and continue to do so. Objectives of these groups was to eliminate discrimination along with racial discrimination among citizens of the United States, eliminatin barriers of discrimination through democratic processes, seek enactment and enforcement of federal, state and local laws securing civil rights to inform the public of the changes of racial discrimination and educate persons of their constitutional rights and to take lawful action to secure the exercise thereof and to take any other action in furtherance of these objectives. Experiences of the NAACP help to dismantle Jim Crow Laws, the NAACP had it’s first victory in Guinn and Beale vs. US Supreme Court this case declared it unconstitutional the â€Å"grandfather clause† in the Oklahoma Constituition which stopped voting qualifications if the individual grandfather had voted, this was an attempt by Whites to stop African Americans whose grandfathers that had been slaves. Laws and amendments were designed to constrain the racial inequalities within prejudicial boundaries such as the 13th, 14th , and 15th amendments. These amendments address unfair treatment of African Americans, amendment 13th abolished slavery, amendment 14th secured rights of slaves and equal protection under the law to all persons and helped to dismantle segregation{Brown vs. Board of Education}. Various groups, organization and people played a tremendous role in fighting for racial equality leaders like Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall and organizations such as NAACP, SCLC, and The Urban League. These groups of people and organizations help to fight legislation through landmark court cases, peaceful and nonviolent demonstrations, protests and sit ins and with the amendments listed above. The 14th amendment contains the equal protection clause and this clause was included to protect slaves from unfair treatment, In Brown versus the Board of Education this case helped declared separate public schools for Blacks and Whites was unconstitutional as a result of dejure segregation, this is ruled a violation of the 14th amendment. Infamous boycotts and sit-ins, contributed to this fight, like The Montgomery Boycott and The Greensboro Sit In. Peaceful demonstrations in a nonviolent manner was the objectives of these organizations and leaders. Protesting for racial dignity, economic and political self sufficiency and freedom from oppression of White Americans was the goals of these leaders and organizations to help fight legislation. Several laws have been enacted to help eliminate prejudicial boundaries, these laws are often called antidiscrimination acts which addressed racial, political and social inequalities of African Americans, The Civil Right Acts of 1968,1964 and 1948, helped to outlaw major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. These acts ended unequal voter requirements, racial segregation in school, workplaces and by facilties that served the general public. These are a few of the struggles of African Americans and their journey throughout U. S. history there have been enormous strides in gaining equality for races, politically and socially, although political challenges currently face African Americans now we continue to fight for this right our ancestors have marched, died , were abused physically and verbally, remains the plight before us.

Torts Memo

George sued Jerry under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress, alleging various grievances. Jerry has moved to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that even if everything George alleges in the complaint is true, George has failed to allege an adequate basis for liability under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress. The issue at hand is should the court deny the motion to dismiss.The essential elements of an action for intentional infliction of emotional distress in North Carolina are 1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant 2) which is intended to and does in fact cause 3) severe emotional distress. Extreme and outrageous conduct is conduct which exceeds all bounds usually tolerated by decent society. In Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N. C. 181, 204 (N. C. 1979), the courts ruled: â€Å"Although we find error in the grounds on which the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of plaintiff's Count Number II, we nevertheless affirm the dismi ssal on other grounds.The requirement that plaintiff in a malicious prosecution action based on a prior civil proceeding show some special damage resulting therefrom, as discussed supra, is an essential, substantive element of the claim. † In Hogan v. Forsyth Country Club Co. , 317 N. C. 334, 346 S. E. 2d 141 (1986), the court decided: â€Å"We hold Pfeiffer's conduct, as shown by Hogan's forecast of evidence, was not such as to be reasonably regarded as â€Å"extreme and outrageous† so as to permit Hogan to recover for intentional infliction of mental distress. The facts in this case are similar to Hogan. The courts ruled that the facts in Hogan did not meet the standards for intentional infliction of emotional distress set in Stanback, and decided for the defendant. Both decisions state clearly that there must be some sort of special damage and that the damage must be â€Å"extreme and outrageous. † It is my opinion that the courts approve Jerry’s motio n to dismiss as the facts in this case do not meet the North Carolina standard for the infliction of emotional distress.

Garden essays

Garden essays Developing a vegetable garden in the grounds of the school It has been a known issue for many years of how Eating Healthy has been an important topic and issue within the curriculum in the society and at Berala Public School. The school believes children should become aware of the health hazards that surround them, for example in the play ground area and what the children are eating. Nalenshon A, believes (www.empoweredparents.com/1childhoodonset/childhood_07), Parents are largely responsible for shaping a childs body image and eating lifestyle. Parental family participation within the school setting could encourage the knowledge of the families, community, staff regarding health hazards such as Healthy Eating. Family and staff participation in implementing a vegetable garden will encourage the co-operation and particpation in the school environment and their responsibility by enhancing the vegetable garden is well maintained and looked after now and in the near future. The school is very spacious and has lots of shading and sunny areas outdoor and has lots of trees scattered in the playground and implementing a vegetable garden will build an interest of what is planted. The year 2 class in term 3 (while I am on placement) will be undertaking the growing unit of science and technology k-6 that has been planned for the classes early in term 2. Therefore developing a vegetable garden in relation with the staff and family participation will link very well with this unit. This will fit in to the schools canteen policy and values. For example, in the policy it is said the canteen is a vital part of the school that will reinforce the students, and familys education, health and nutrition by providing a balance and nutritious food and beverage service to all the stakeholders of the school community. Therefore by integrating the veget ...

Solution to cali ed crisis Essays - Susquehanna Valley, Free Essays

Solution to cali ed crisis Essays - Susquehanna Valley, Free Essays Solution to cali ed crisis The $1.4 billion of proposed cuts to California?s higher education have already prompted tuition increases in the UC, CSU, and community college systems, alongside mass layoffs and program cuts. Brown?s budget proposal freezes funding levels for kindergarten through high school (K-12). The unions and media have widely reported this as ?sparing? K-12 education, but the actual situation in schools shows that nothing has been ?spared.? Instead of desperately needed increases, Brown?s proposal will conditionally keep funding at current levels for the 2011-2012 school year. Due to increased attendance, a funding freeze results in lower amounts of spending per pupil. California is already ranked 47th in the nation in per pupil spending. If a set of regressive taxes are not approved by the voters, then billions will be cut from the already reeling education system. Perhaps most importantly, California?s schools will continue to decline even if ?spared,? as prior cuts continue to have their effect. Over the past three years $18 billion has been cut from California?s K-12 system. This has resulted in thousands of layoffs, increased class sizes, shortened school years, and either reduced or eliminated music and art programs. According to State Superintendent Torlakson, 58 percent of schools have cut educational materials, 48 percent have cut nursing and counseling staff, 35 percent have increased class sizes, and nearly half have reduced employee pay. Even with all these reductions, 174 out of 1,077 school districts will be insolvent within three years at the current level of funding. Unsurprisingly, these cuts have affected the districts covering low-income families the hardest. As state funding has dried up, schools have had to rely on local taxes or fundraising to maintain their programs and class sizes. As reported in the San Jose Mercury News, parents in the Cupertino Union School District managed to raise $2.5 million to keep student-teacher ratios at 20-1 for their youngest students. In districts where the community has not cobbled together enough to pick up the state?s slack, the ratio is routinely over 30-1. Beyond suffering more cuts, schools serving low-income communities have a higher proportion of inexperienced teachers, according to statistics gathered by the Center for the Future of Teaching and Learning (CFTL). Due to collective bargaining agreements with the teachers? unions, the last teachers hired are the first to be fired. During the current crisis, this has meant that in addition to suffering more cuts, poorer schools have had higher turnover rates as their low-seniority teachers are fired in greater numbers. This concentration of layoffs in poor communities reached an extreme pitch last year when over half the teachers at three middle schools in the Los Angeles area were laid off, sparking a case brought against the Los Angeles Unified School District by the American Civil Liberties Union. In one school, Liechty, a full 72 percent of the teachers received layoff notices.

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals A United Nations Number –Â  also called a UN number or UN ID –Â  is a four digit code used to identify flammable and harmful chemicals. Non-hazardous chemicals are not given UN numbers. UN numbers are assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and range from UN0001 to about UN3534. However, UN 0001, UN 0002, and UN 0003 are no longer in use. In some cases, specific chemicals are assigned a UN ID, while in other cases, a number can apply to a group of products with similar properties. If a chemical behaves differently as a liquid than as a solid, two different numbers may be assigned. For the most part, NA numbers (North America numbers) from the United States Department of Transportation are identical to UN numbers. In some cases, a NA number exists where a UN number has not been assigned.There are a few exceptions, including the identifier for asbestos and that for non-pressurized self-defense spray. Use of UN Numbers The primary purpose for the codes is to regulate modes of transport for hazardous chemicals and provide key information for emergency response teams in the event of an accident. The codes may also be used to identify storage incompatibilities. UN Number Examples UN numbers are only assigned for hazardous materials, such as explosives, oxidizers, toxins, and flammable substances. The first number in modern use is UN0004, is for ammonium picrate, present at less than 10% by mass. The UN for acrylamide is UN2074. Gunpowder is identified by UN0027. Air bag modules are indicated by UN0503.

How to reduce smoking in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to reduce smoking in america - Essay Example Cigarettes also come with huge financial implications to the smokers and their families; for instance, with a pack of cigarettes costing about 10$ in some areas, a pack per day smokers spent a whopping $3,650 in a year. In this regard, cigarette smoking not only leads to catastrophic health risks, it also comes with huge financial ramifications to the smokers and the American society in general. America should actively reduce smoking for the good of everyone as this is likely to have more benefits to the people such as improved health and financials. This paper will focus on how America can reduce smoking as a health hazard, to improve the health of its citizenry and to make America a better place for future generations. America has been traditionally engaged with the task of merely reducing preventable deaths through cigarette smoking especially in recognition of the fact that it cannot be stopped entirely. So much has been done already, but still there is yet a lot to be achieved i n that new cigarette addicts emerge every day in America. One of the major strategies that can work in America is the controversial cigarettes’ tax hike, which has a high potential of lowering the smoking rates in America. According to a research by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, there was a considerable drop in cigarette sales in 2009 after a 62-cent hike per pack was passed (Hargreaves); if this trend is anything to go by, then it means that a tax hike on cigarettes can have substantial public health benefits. Recently, president Obama’s proposal to affect a 94-cent per pack hike on cigarettes stirred a lot of debate with anti-smoking groups in support of the move against some tax experts and tobacco companies. The tax has been designed as a way of cutting smoking rates and a source of income for educational programmes across America; a cigarette free society would definitely make America a better place to live. The other approach that America should quickly ado pt in order to reduce smoking is to fund tobacco control programs that aim to limit smoking of cigarettes in America. A much disturbing revelation is that many US-state governments have not prioritized the task of reducing cigarette smoking in their expansive programs. According to Reuters, many US-state governments receive huge sums of money from tobacco sales and legal settlements with cigarette makers, but only a little is spent on funding programs that can help people reduce and quit smoking altogether (Gray). Anti-tobacco media campaigns can be another effective way of reducing smoking in America as this will raise awareness on the dangers of cigarettes to the public and the health benefits associated with reduced smoking. For instance, more aggressive approaches such as uncompromising graphic admonition on cigarette packages can be very effective on discouraging cigarette smoking; however, despite that this rule has been implemented in many countries around the world, as has b een maintained in the US federal courts (Daynard). This is largely because it is feared that the advertising may infringe on the manufacturers First Amendment rights thus cigarettes are still tolerated in American societies while the courts hesitate. Cigarette manufacturers would rather safeguard their profits at the expense of the unsuspecting public and as such would want nothing to jeopardize their trade in the

TRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

TRS - Essay Example The story of Jonah is prophetic, the book of Jonah by itself is prophetic. Jonah was rescued from the belly of a large fish where he had stayed for three days until the fish spew him out. The New Testament illustrates the story of Jonah as symbolic to the death and resurrection of Christ. The sign was elaborated by Jesus in Matthew 12. As the greatest sign the world is given. The story of Jonah is therefore a testimony to the death and rising of Christ from the dead and that He conquered the grave and came out alive, the hope for which the early Christians lived for. The promise of God to Abraham was made to bless all the nations of the earth through the Seed of Abraham. Gal 3:15 indicates that the Seed was one and not many and that the Seed is the Son of God through who all nations will be saved from sin and reconciled to God by His death and resurrection. The Seed of Abraham was therefore a Chosen One and a Christ. The New Testament points out as well that the Christ was a son of Abraham. Gal 3:29 â€Å"if you belong to Christ, then you are Abrahams seed The gospels of Matthew and Luke begin the story of Jesus from His birth. The book of Matthew provides with the lineage of Jesus from the time of creation down to His birth as was among the Jewish people. Luke however begins his account with the events surrounding the birth of Jesus from the prophecy of John’s birth to Zechariah. The book of Mark accounts from the coming of John the Baptist. The three synoptic gospels are characterized by parables and speeches of Jesus along with the miracles and exorcism. The book of John on the other hand reflects discussions and reasoning where John himself imparts what he learnt to his audience. The book begins with the logos of the Word before creation and is characterized by involvement of the Holy Spirit directly (Kruse, 2004). Mathematical truth accounts for events using scientific evidence and experimental

East Asia in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

East Asia in the Modern World - Essay Example Chinese students staged a demonstration in Tiananmen Square protesting the terms of the Versailles Treaty, which confirmed Japan’s claims on Chinese land previously occupied by Germany. The students were imbued with Western ideas of equality; democracy, individual freedom, and the Wilsonian claim that all nations have the right to self-determination. Similarly, the young Koreans protested the terms of the Versailles Treaty and demanded freedom from Japanese colonization. It is clear that Versailles treaty was a major trigger of both movements. The fact leaders of both movements were taught abroad is quite significant. A major difference between the two movements was how the movements were undertaken. In china, students from Beijing congregated around Tiananmen Square to demonstrate against the Versailles Conference. The students gave out fliers announcing China would reject the surrender of Chinese land to Japan. In Korea, the protestors majorly compromised of students, homemakers, farmers i.e. ordinary people in society, as well as politicians and religious leaders. The protests intent was to petition to the Japanese people, and these protests erupted randomly throughout the entire country.   In conclusion, the trigger for both movements might have been the Versailles Treaty but the goals were different. China wanted to retain its territory while the Koreans wanted withdrawal of Japan from its

What kind of adjusmnets hospital CEO must make to meet helath reform ( Essay

What kind of adjusmnets hospital CEO must make to meet helath reform ( ACA) requirements - Essay Example This paper indicates the possible actions that a hospital CEO would undertake to tackle the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities the Act presents. It is divided into six sections that are meant to answer the question. Likely questions that a hospital CEO would ask him or herself include how the Act will be applied to the hospital, what the Act means for his or her hospital and what strategic concerns should be regarded to prosper in the environment resulting from the Act. The Affordable Care Act is composed of resources and plans to manage growth local, federal and the state workforce. The Act offers loans and grants for persons, hospitals, organizations, and schools. Those who are mainly targeted are those who have interest in low earnings and in the countryside. The Act maintains the number of graduates taking medical courses who are funded by Medicare. It has provisions that allow the redeployment of slots that have not been allocated to anyone. Redeployment of closed hospital slots is aimed at exploiting healthcare resources and prospects in training (Main & Starry, 2010). When the aging workforce is considered with the demand for services in healthcare, especially if the general population is made up of a large number of old persons, then this raises a great concern for hospital CEO’s. Who will take care of this ageing population if the general healthcare workforce in the hospital is ageing? Healthcare professionals and workers above the ages of 55 are regarded as part of an ageing workforce. As the hospital CEO, one will seek to take advantage of the Act and seek the grants that it offers. These grants will then be used by the hospital to sponsor bright needy students undertaking medical courses in institutions around the country. The terms for sponsorship shall include provisions which shall ensure that sponsored students will work for the hospital in return for a period of not less than ten years. This way, the

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world Essay

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world - Essay Example These tools included learning how to type, do power points, work excel, and surf the Internet for information. This is how I got my first major taste of technology or advancements of the world. Though technology is not only limited to computers but my first interaction with technology was way back when I first used the telephone later I also had the opportunity to use a cell phone which is another great leap by humans in communication technology and is still developing rapidly. In my opinion, technology is the development used by humans, in which they modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artifacts, such as computers and software, aircraft, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products in my opinion. Technology has shaped the present of the human race, it is the key to development and growth. God gifted us with a prize named nature so now it's our duty to explore it and modify it in a sense that it helps us in numerous ways. Many including me sense that technology will help the humans in future for solving great complex phenomenon that are unexplained so far.

The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Essay

The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - Essay Example The mandate of CESCR allows it to consider the traditional, as well as emerging conceptions regarding people’s legal rights. With the appreciation of these legal rights comes the implementation of practical actions, which are conceived within a model, which has been created in the milieu of private claims against other people or public claims against the state (Pogge, Rimmer & Rubenstein 2010, p. 360). Through this knowledge, the UN CESCR attempts to make all legal rights related to people’s social, cultural and economic rights public rights rather than private rights. This is primarily because the private law model consists of three distinctive features, which comingle to attempt to displace the legal significance of people’s inherent right to health. The first feature deals primarily with theorizing that social and economic rights are positive rights and those positive rights are generally considered as non-justifiable. Rights, which require the input rather th an non-interference of government, are typically unsuited to litigation, but rather belong in the branches of government that are considered as democratic, where they are open to contestation (Dowell-Jones 2004, p. 201). Secondly, legal rights are considered as coterminous with remedies; this means that relief will only contingent on the harm caused by a breach of duty, from the duty holder to the rights holder. Therefore, successful implementations of rights are considered by the nature of relief given to the claimant.... The first feature deals primarily with theorizing that social and economic rights are positive rights and those positive rights are generally considered as non-justifiable. Rights, which require the input rather than non-interference of government, are typically unsuited to litigation, but rather belong in the branches of government that are considered as democratic, where they are open to contestation (Dowell-Jones 2004, p. 201). Secondly, legal rights are considered as coterminous with remedies; this means that relief will only contingent on the harm caused by a breach of duty, from the duty holder to the rights holder. Therefore, successful implementations of rights are considered by the nature of relief given to the claimant (Dennis & Stewart 2004, p. 467). As a consequence, when the claimants are multiple (as in the case of a state’s citizens) appropriate remedies become elusive or unattainable. Lastly, Pogge, Rimmer & Rubenstein (2010, p. 361) consider the conception of citizens’ legal rights as private to be detrimental to a government’s fulfilment of the requirements of the CESCR because such a legal system conciders health as a private good. This private good is consumed, in the form of healthcare via market-based mechanism and defended by criminal and tort law. The CESCR, therefore, deters the consideration of health as a private good in order to deter the aforementioned implications. When health is accessed collectively, in the form of a public good, it becomes protected by occupational, environmental and public health laws. In essence, the CESCR helps state parties appreciate that, outside the regimes

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world Essay

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world - Essay Example These tools included learning how to type, do power points, work excel, and surf the Internet for information. This is how I got my first major taste of technology or advancements of the world. Though technology is not only limited to computers but my first interaction with technology was way back when I first used the telephone later I also had the opportunity to use a cell phone which is another great leap by humans in communication technology and is still developing rapidly. In my opinion, technology is the development used by humans, in which they modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artifacts, such as computers and software, aircraft, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products in my opinion. Technology has shaped the present of the human race, it is the key to development and growth. God gifted us with a prize named nature so now it's our duty to explore it and modify it in a sense that it helps us in numerous ways. Many including me sense that technology will help the humans in future for solving great complex phenomenon that are unexplained so far.

FBI Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FBI Agency - Essay Example Another purpose for the formation of the FBI was to supplement other law enforcement agencies by conducting surveys on crime scenes and prosecuting any individuals held responsible. The FBI legal authority comes from the United States Code Title 28, Section 533. The FBI also borrows from different corporate bodies the mandate to investigate crime and prosecute. The RICO Act allows the FBI to conduct investigations on organized crime while the civil rights act allow the FBI to conduct investigations on violation of civil rights (Ricciuti, 2011). Another source of authority is the US PATRIOTIC Act that allows the FBI to monitor online activities to counter cyber and other related crimes. The US Code section 1951 criminalizes obstruction of interstate business and prioritizes the FBI to enforce any breach. The US Code section 668 criminalizes theft of heritage artifacts and museum art thus making it a federal crime to be handled by the FBI. The Federal Bureau of investigation was officially commissioned in 1935. The bureau was formed to respond to the growing anarchy in the country following the assassination of President McKinley in 1901. President Roosevelt ordered the formation of the Bureau of investigation to gather intelligence and report directly to the attorney general. The Bureau initially operated as the Bureau of investigation till 1935 when it was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The primary role of the FBI is to carry out intelligence investigations. The FBI is mandated to carry out intelligence investigations on all federal criminal acts in America. The FBI conducts research on crime activities and forwards it to the necessary authorities as well as take crime prevention initiatives. The duties of the FBI have recently widened to include investigations of drug-related crime in collaboration with the DEA, counter-terrorism measures and research into white

Hiring Gets Off on the Right Foot Essay Example for Free

Hiring Gets Off on the Right Foot Essay Nike has adapted their employee selection techniques by using a computer-based interviewing system that aims to select suitable applicants for a specific job (Bohlander, 2007, p. 284). The said system can be very useful to the company’s human resources department since it makes their job a lot easier. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of the said process should still be proven. Generally, the said computer-generated interview can be very beneficial both to the applicant and human resource department. Nevertheless, it also has some setbacks although these setbacks are negligible and can be ironed out. The computer-based interviewing system is applicable especially to large companies like Nike; on the other hand, a company should not solely rely on this type of employee selection process. Other ways of employee selection should still be utilized such as accepting walk-ins in a personal interview rather than a computerized one. Analysis The computer-assisted interviewing system tries to narrow down the selection of qualified applicants to a minimum so that the human resource department need not spend time on all applicants (Bohlander, 2007, p. 285). This is successfully met by the said system since modern high technology usually reduces the clutter of office work. As in the case of Nike, computer-based interviews can be of great help if the number of applicants is really large. By doing so, few people are needed in the human resources department. Also, by subjecting the applicant’s to this computer interview, human resource managers will have the idea how the applicants cope or adapt with technology. Are they computer literate and able to keep up with the idea of a computer interviewing them? Do they easily understand instruction by merely looking and reading at a computer monitor? These are some of the questions that can be answered by employing such a process. In addition, the three customer-related scenarios in the computer-generated interview are very practical and realistic scenarios to test the applicant’s approach to the real job at hand. The system has many advantages as has been pointed out in the previous discussion, yet, it also has some weaknesses. One very important factor in choosing the right person for the job is his emotional health. Using the computer-generated interview, Nike cannot account the applicant’s emotions and feelings while the interview is going on. Thus, the computer cannot tell the company of the level of confidence an applicant has when the interview is done. Furthermore, there will always be Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) concerns when it comes to employment selection processes. In this case at hand, the company surely provides EEO since the computer is not programmed to unjustly cater to a selected group of applicants. Thus, discrimination that a human resource officer may unconsciously bring when interviewing an applicant may be eliminated. Recommendations On the whole, the computer-based interviewing system is beneficial if it is used hand in hand with other types or ways of employee selection. However, on its own, it is very inefficient. It can be suggested that personal interviews should still be employed by the company since this kind of interview are the most spontaneous and revealing. Also, to further develop the computer-based interviewing system, besides the printout, it will be better if the company will include a video camera that could record the features, facial expressions and gestures that an applicant may have while answering questions. By doing so, the applicants emotional aspect can also be observed. A psychology test can also be included in the computer-based interview to evaluate the person’s emotional health. Summary and Conclusion Positively, the computer-based interviewing system is a great innovative for the human resource department of the company. As the number of applicants for a particular job increases, the feasibility of this method also increases. However, it is still insisted that the computer-generated interview should not be the sole factor in selecting the right person for the job. Personal interviews will always be more helpful. Surely, Nike should be concerned that the interview they are doing is far from public relations. Public relations require people in the process, also, an interview is a conversation between two people, however, the computer is not a human being, and it is only a machine. Therefore, the computer-based interview is one of the means of employee selection but it is not the end. It is only one way of the many methods an effective complex employment selection may have. References Bohlander, G. , Snell, S. (2007). Managing Human Resources, 14th Ed. Mason, USA: Thomson South-Western.

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter Essay -- Essays Papers

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers is a novel that takes place in a small southern town during the times of pre-World War II, the late 1930's. McCuller's main characters are misfits, lonely and rejected. They are all looking for a place in the world. The most tragic of the characters is a deaf-mute named John Singer. Singer's life basically revolves around his one and only friend Spiros Antonapoulos, who is also a deaf-mute. Singer "tells" Antonapoulos everything he is thinking or feeling and it seems as though Antonapoulos is interested in everything but what Singer has to say. Antonapoulos only communicates with Singer when he is hungry or sleepy. Singer just assumes he is listening and understanding everything he says. They lived this...

Causes of the Great Depression Essay -- Papers History Wall Street Cra

Causes of the Great Depression The Great Depression also called Depression of 1929, or Slump of 1929, began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 call the Stock Market Crash of 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 the had dropped 20 percent of their value in 1929 (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,38610+1,00.html). More than a half-century after the fact, there is no consensus on that caused the Great Depression. The one thing that is really known about the Great Depression is that it had many under lying causes (McElvaine 26). Speculation in the 1920's caused many people to buy stocks with loaned money and the used these stocks as collateral for buying more stocks. Broker's loans went under $5 million in mid 1928 to $850 million in September of 1929. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism. When investors lost confidence, the stock market collapsed, taking them along with it (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/depression/causes.html). It seemed to good to be true, and it was. The margin of leverage when prices were rising would act in reverse if prices fell. All of the margin buyers would be wiped out quickly. The whole market in 1929 compounded the leverage idea as "investment trust" proliferated. The investment trust existed for the sole purpose of owing stock.... ...lack Tuesday an unprecedented 16.4 million shares changed hands. Stocks fell so much, that at many times during the day no buyers were available at any price (McElvaine 48). This speculation and the resulting stock market crashes acted as a trigger to the already unstable U.S. economy. Due to the misdistribution of wealth, the economy of the 1920's was one very much dependent upon confidence. The market crashes undermined this confidence. The rich stopped spending on luxury items, and slowed investments. The middle-class and poor stopped buying things with installment credit for fear of loosing their jobs, and not being able to pay the interest. As a result industrial production fell by more than 9% between the market crashes in October and December 1929 (McElvaine 48.) Bibliography: McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression. New York: Times, 1984. Causes of the Great Depression Essay -- Papers History Wall Street Cra Causes of the Great Depression The Great Depression also called Depression of 1929, or Slump of 1929, began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized world. Though the United States economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of the stock market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929 call the Stock Market Crash of 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 the had dropped 20 percent of their value in 1929 (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,38610+1,00.html). More than a half-century after the fact, there is no consensus on that caused the Great Depression. The one thing that is really known about the Great Depression is that it had many under lying causes (McElvaine 26). Speculation in the 1920's caused many people to buy stocks with loaned money and the used these stocks as collateral for buying more stocks. Broker's loans went under $5 million in mid 1928 to $850 million in September of 1929. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism. When investors lost confidence, the stock market collapsed, taking them along with it (http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/depression/causes.html). It seemed to good to be true, and it was. The margin of leverage when prices were rising would act in reverse if prices fell. All of the margin buyers would be wiped out quickly. The whole market in 1929 compounded the leverage idea as "investment trust" proliferated. The investment trust existed for the sole purpose of owing stock.... ...lack Tuesday an unprecedented 16.4 million shares changed hands. Stocks fell so much, that at many times during the day no buyers were available at any price (McElvaine 48). This speculation and the resulting stock market crashes acted as a trigger to the already unstable U.S. economy. Due to the misdistribution of wealth, the economy of the 1920's was one very much dependent upon confidence. The market crashes undermined this confidence. The rich stopped spending on luxury items, and slowed investments. The middle-class and poor stopped buying things with installment credit for fear of loosing their jobs, and not being able to pay the interest. As a result industrial production fell by more than 9% between the market crashes in October and December 1929 (McElvaine 48.) Bibliography: McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression. New York: Times, 1984.

Nominal Group Technique

Nominal Group Technique In 1968 Andre Delbecq co-developed with Andrew H. Van de Ven the Nominal Group Technique, which has diffused worldwide to become the most widely used method of group brainstorming. ? and has been applied to adult education program planning by Vedros. ? What is the NGT? The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), is a decision making method for use among groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's opinions taken into account. ? There will be one facilitator in each group and group members. Materials we need for NGT Steps Define problem/issue as a question Divide the people into small groups Brainstorm individually Evaluate ; vote Clarifying questions, explanations Share ideas with everyone Sum votes then get the best one. Case Study Aunt Barbara passed away and left you a company – equal number of shares for each Amusement Park ? Office Building ? ? ? ? ? Closed during Autumn and Winter – costs still occ ur Fairly good revenues in the Summer Profit – but falling year by year ;Machines are getting oldIn the city center Rising competition ;New, modern offices Cheap, but can’t lower the prices any more ? No competition Case Study The company has some cash, and no outstanding debts ? It’s September and you are having your first meeting as new owners ? How could the company increase its profits? Case Study Ideas ? ? Votes ? Ranks ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Pros ? ? ? ? Cons requires preparation ? for some people it might be too structured/bounded ? regulates discussion – less stimulating than other techniques ? nly a single question can be discussed at a time ? ? minimizes influence of others large quantity of ideas everyone has an equal opportunity to share their ideas no judgment/criticism more satisfying to participants than other techniques When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When some group members are much more vocal than others. When there is concern about some members not participating. When all or some group members are new to the team. When some group members think better in silence.Source: http://asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When the group does not easily generate quantities of ideas. When the issue is controversial or there is heated conflict. When we want multiple alternatives for further examination When we want to prioritize the issues Source: http://asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html Thank you for your attention! ?

Natural Mosquito Repellent

â€Å"NATURAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT† I. INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes can be unwelcome guest these rainy days and it is a major insect problem of people. Commercial repellents are harsh, have poisons that are not suitable for children and not always effective in repelling these pesky bugs. We don’t know what are the side effects of these repellents are. Some leaves, unripe fruit, and their seeds contain vermicidal and insectidal properties. It is an inexpensive alternative in avoiding mosquito that causes diseases like dengue and malaria.These insects can also cause economic losses in cattle and other livestock through blood loss, disease transmission and irritation. We arrived at this kind of problem because we want to prevent ourselves from mosquitoes that cause diseases like dengue, malaria as well as painful or uncomfortable insect bites. And we want to avoid slapping and whirring hands when it’s stricken to us and to come up with an effective and safe mosquito repell ent product. We don’t need poisons to deal with insects. II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE TITLE; Shoo, Fly: Natural Insect RepellentBy: Laurel Vukovic From:  Natural Health July/August, 1994 Making human flesh unappetizing to mosquitoes, ticks, flies, and fleas is an age-old preoccupation. The earliest insect repellents included smoke, mud, and various plant substances. Our contemporary contribution is DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), a powerful insecticide found in over 400 repellents. DEET can peel paint, damage rayon and spandex, and melt plastic. Up to 56 percent of DEET applied to the skin enters the bloodstream, and reactions to it include skin rashes, lethargy, muscle spasms, nausea, and irritability.An extreme reaction can cause seizures and even death. So it's hardly worth using DEET to deter insects unless you're someplace with high rates of insect-borne disease or you experience severe allergic reactions to bites and stings. There are natural alternatives to D EET, made primarily from plant essential oils that can protect you in less threatening circumstances. Although â€Å"there is no natural repellent as effective as DEET,† says Eve McClure, executive vice-president of protection against ticks. Ticks, the carriers of Lyme disease, are among the most worrisome pests. If you are traveling in an area known for Lyme disease (according to the Centers for Disease Control, this includes the Atlantic states and Northern California), contact the American Lyme Disease Foundation at (800) 876-5963 for preventive advice Quantum, a natural repellent manufacturer in Eugene, Oregon, â€Å"natural repellents do help ward off mosquitoes, black flies, gnats, and fleas, and they may provide some . Reactions:   From Mild to FatalAlthough most people experience only temporary pain and swelling after a bee or wasp sting, some individuals are hypersensitive and can experience a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction. The symptoms of anaphylaxis in clude hives, agitation, difficulty in breathing, nausea, dizziness, and a swollen tongue or face. Without prompt medical treatment, this can be fatal. Although anyone can have an anaphylactic reaction, the people most at risk are those with a history of allergic reactions to stings — hives, wheezing, or a previous episode of anaphylactic shock.People who know they are at risk should carry an emergency kit with injectable epinephrine, which is available by prescription. Home care can include drinking slightly salty water (1/2 tsp. per quart, at 4 oz. per hour), Vitamin B-5 at large doses briefly (2 grams 3X a day, for 3-4 days), Licorice capsules or tea at 1-2 cps. /1 cup tea, 2 or 3 X a day. Extensive Measures You don't have to be in the tropics or in an area at high risk for insect-borne disease to take the following steps. Hordes of insects your own backyard can lead you to seek extra protection.Debra Nuzzi-St. Claire, an herbalist in Boulder, Colorado, has these suggestion s (see â€Å"Making Your Own Natural Insect Repellent,† below, for essential oil combination): * Spray clothing and bedding (including the mosquito netting of your tent, if you're camping) with an alcohol-base repellent. * Pour several drops of the combined pure essential oils onto a candle. * Place a few drops on cloth or paper strips and hang them around the room, especially by doors and windows. * Add the base oil to shampoos and liquid soaps.Most natural insect repellents are made with an essential oil distilled from citronella, a tall, aromatic grass indigenous to Southern Asia. Its pungent, lemony fragrance is pleasant to most people but objectionable to mosquitoes. Other aromatic essential oils commonly found in natural insect repellents include cedarwood, lemongrass, eucalyptus, peppermint, pennyroyal, lavender, and bergamot. These are safe when applied to the skin, but should not be taken internally without the advice of a professional. Pennyroyal, in particular, is highly toxic if ingested. Essential oil repellents are available in spray or oil form.According to Eve McClure, restrictions by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have made it difficult for consumers to identify natural repellents by packaging alone. Since the EPA classifies all repellents as insecticides, it requires expensive testing, which includes experiments on live animals. Because most natural repellent manufacturers are unwilling — or financially unable — to comply with EPA guidelines, they cannot promote their products as natural insect repellents. â€Å"We had to remove the bug from our label and change our name from ‘Buzz Away' to ‘Zzz Away,' † says McClure (see â€Å"Making Your Own Natural Insect Repellent†).After the Bite If mosquitoes, flies, and fleas feast on you in spite of your efforts, Nuzzi-St. Claire recommends applying undiluted tea tree oil to the bites. Tea tree oil has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory propertie s and is usually non-irritating. Test a small area of skin before applying the oil liberally. If the essential oil irritates your skin, wash it off with soap and water and dilute the tea tree oil in five parts of jojoba or almond oil before reapplying. Testing for sensitivity is a good practice when applying any essential oil for the first time.Sharol Tilgner, a naturopathic physician and natural first-aid expert in Portland, Oregon, recommends applying a drop of peppermint essential oil to insect bites. â€Å"Anything with menthol will increase the circulation in the area and dissipate the anticoagulant that the mosquito has injected into you,† she says. Other topical treatments for reducing itching and inflammation include cold compresses, lavender essential oil, and calamine lotion. Dr. Thomas S. Lee, an Arizona naturopathic physician, likes pure lavender oil rubbed into the bite ASAP. â€Å"The Chinese patent medicine White Flower Oil is a clean mentholated formula that works well, too. Well-equipped and well-informed, you can take those restorative strolls and hikes with greater confidence. Carl Mitchell of the Centers for Disease Control in Fort Collins, Colorado says, â€Å"People definitely shouldn't avoid outdoor activities for fear of bug bites and stings. Just take a few precautions. † Stings:   The Finer Points To make an insect repellent oil that can be used on your body, add 16 ounces of jojoba or almond oil to the base oil mixture and blend thoroughly. For an insect repellent spray, add 16 ounces of vodka to the base oil mixture, pour into a spray bottle, and shake before using.Although bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets generally won't go out of their way to attack, they can be extremely aggressive if you disturb their nests or bother them while they're feeding. They're attracted by perfumes and scented body care products, as well as by sweet foods such as ice cream, fruit juices, and watermelon. Bright-colored clothing c an also make you a target. If you do get stung, the following tips can help minimize the problems: Bumblebees, wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets can attack repeatedly, so if you get stung, get out of the area immediately.If you're stung by a yellow jacket, avoid swatting at it. Crushing the venom sac releases a chemical that incites its nest-mates to attack. Honeybees can sting only once, but the stinger and venom sac they leave in your skin pump venom for two to three minutes. Remove them immediately, being careful not to squeeze the venom sac. The safest way to do this is to scrape them out with a credit card or the dull edge of a knife. If the stinger remains behind after you've scraped away the venom sac, remove it gently with tweezers. Making Your Own Natural Insect Repellent Herbalist Debra Nuzzi-St.Claire suggests combining the following essential oils to make a natural insect repellent: 1/2 ounce citronella oil 1/4 ounce lavender oil 1/8 ounce pennyroyal oil 1/8 ounce tea t ree oil 1/8 ounce jojoba oil Do not use this blend undiluted on your skin. Follow these instructions for diluting: To make an insect repellent oil that can be used on your body, add 16 ounces of jojoba or almond oil to the base oil mixture and blend thoroughly. For an insect repellent spray, add 16 ounces of vodka to the base oil mixture, pour into a spray bottle, and shake before using. III. PROCEDURE 1. Place ? rganic apple vinegar into a large mixing bowl 2. Mix into the organic apple vinegar ? cup of vodka. 3. Place 2 table teaspoons of citronella oil into the above stated mixture. 4. Mix thoroughly. 5. Using a funnel transfer contents of mixing bowl into a small spray bottle. 6. Apply literally for best effect. IV. MATERIALS * ? cup vodka * ? cup of organic apple vinegar * 2 teaspoons of citronella oil * Small spray bottle * Funnel * Bowl V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION TRIAL 1| TRIAL 2| TRIAL 3| * In our 1st trial, we use ? vodka and not totally fermented apple vinegar. And when we us e it, the product is not successful. * In our 2nd trial, we use ? vodka, 1 teaspoon of citronella oil and fermented apple vinegar. When we apply it, there are still bites of mosquito. It’s not successful again. | * In our last trial, we read the procedure carefully and followed it. We use the exact amount of vodka that should be ? cup, ? cup of totally fermented apple vinegar and 2 teaspoons of citronella oil and when we apply it. The product is successful. | VI. CONCLUSION: After the investigation is done, therefore we conclude that natural mosquito repellent is more safe and effective. And we can also make our own mosquito repellent than buying it.We’ll not be too aware of mosquito bites anymore because our product is natural and has safe side effects. And we also conclude that making this product is not costly. In fact, you’ll save more money and the more natural, the more effective it is. VII. RECOMMENDATION: After we made the product successful, we’r e offering recommendations for possible further study and more successful product. It is recommended giving more priority of our health is the most important. According to World Health Organization 1948, â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. People should also give attention to our nature, because there are hidden treasures to make our health healthy. If you want to experiment, 1st thing you should do is to observe. Then you follow carefully the steps to become successful in the experiment. Next, think for the materials that are not expensive. Always prioritize to save money as much as possible. Then last, create a product that will help the people and the mother earth. Like our product, â€Å"NATURAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT†.

Life & Wessex King Essay

Life in the past was characterized with lots of battles between rival territories. This resulted to the rise of powerful empires and the measure of power during those days was through the number of wars fought. Warriors of those days were called Vikings. A Viking also denotes a pirate, merchant or explorer. These Norsemen normally used long ships to travel in the sea to all the places of their interest and used the same vessels to fight their enemies. The Vikings are traced to have originated in the early 17th century in the German territory. The initiator of Vikings in the Iceland is Erik the red. He lived all his life ruling his people after which his son picked the mantle from him (Gwyn, J. 2000). SCANDINAVIA The term Scandinavia is both a historical a major geographical part in the world. There exist also a people who are identified as the Scandinavians. According to the geographical setting, Scandinavia is located in the Northern Europe, a place called Scandinavian Peninsula. The kingdoms that existed in the Scandinavian region include: Finland, Norway and partly Denmark. A lot of research done also reveal that Sweden and Iceland also form part of this robust history. All these regions put together are further referred to as Nordic region. The geographical orientation of Scandinavia is rather ambiguous. The region spreads from the Norwegian Fjords all the way to the low areas in Denmark through the Scandinavian Mountains and to the archipelagos of Sweden and Norway. This region has diverse group of people and for this reason, there exist more that one dialect. The languages that were spoken in these regions included Norway, Sweden and Denmark dialects. These people usually understood each other and thus had mutual understanding. DO THE VIKINGS RIGHTFULLY DESERVE THE REPUTATION THAT THEY WERE CRUEL, MURDEROUS BARBARIANS? WHY? WHY NOT? The Vikings performed most of their ventures through wars. It is evident that a normal way of dressing was to be attire that is characteristic of a warrior. The males had war uniforms all the time. From the first time that the Vikings entered a territory, war had to be fought. It is mandatory that people must die in the event of war. The death of people was so common to these northern tribes that any one could talk of them to be cruel and murderous. Other ventures like sea piracy and looting were associated with brutality and blood shed. The victims of such encounters were left counting their losses if they were not dead. Erik who is one of the founders of the Vikings movement was actually observed to murder many people in his native land until he was expelled to go to exile, the result which led to the discovery of Ice land. EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF WESSEX, IN REGARD TO THE VIKINGS IN ENGLAND. The Wessex territory was known for its great power during the year 878. This territory had great potential that any attacker could admire. Te Wessex King of that time planed for a very efficient army that was to fight and defeat the Viking warriors. This king managed to resist the Vikings and with time became pronounced as Alfred the great. His territory was a centre for trade, commerce and administration. The Vikings however invaded this land and took loots from it as usual. The Wessex region acted as a real opposition to the advances of the Vikings. Every one feared the Vikings. The sight of these raiders approaching a region would send cold shivers down the guts of every king. King Alfred however managed to escape them, even though he was later cornered. The Wessex region became a home of habitation to some Vikings although others separated from the settling camp and continued with invasion. Wessex became a point mark towards bringing an end to the Viking advances in war. HOW DID THE VIKINGS CONTRIBUTE TO THE BREAK-UP OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE? The Vikings were a major threat to the kings during the Viking age. The Vikings attached Carolingian empire in the year 885 and 886 leading to the defeat of their kings. In 845, the Viking warriors sailed to seine in France and attacked it. The end result of this was a defeat to the Carolingian empire and the kings that followed were just puppet rulers who were initiated by the Vikings. This led to the fall of this empire and it took along time to come up again. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS PHASES INVOLVED IN VIKING RAIDS. Vikings mainly had 3 phases of raids. The very first phase said to have lasted from 790-840. The Vikings used very shallow draught long ships. They always used these ships because they were suitable majorly for surprise attacks in the coastal towns. The size of these vessels was so small so that the Vikings could rush and attack very fast. With this they attacked Frisia and Aquitane. The second level of attacks occurred between 841 and 875 and the number of raids increased. The Vikings attacked by killing or enslaving their victims. With this, the attacks proceeded to the Mediterranean Sea. 876 to 911 saw the introduction of the third phase. With this, the Vikings started to invade frnce and other parts of Europe. They also developed their own fleets that were used to attack distance empires.

Quality Improvement Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Quality Improvement Project - Coursework Example There is the need to have clear aims of improvement, ways of monitoring the progress, as well as the willingness among all the clinicians to implement changes whenever evidence is presented. For this to be achieved Clinicians should lead in the health care reforms and avoid being destructed or driven by the existing regulations, payments or otherwise fear of the unknown. There are tools and methods that can help the clinicians to work together in studying the practice issues to help them arrive at agreed upon method. One of the nurse-sensitive indicator that clinicians should consider as a means to implementing changes in health care services is the Dengue Fever infections, which is one of the break bone fever. The dengue fever is among the known infectious tropical diseases brought about by the dengue virus (WHO, 1997). Dengue disease is among the emerging infectious diseases that has been posing threats to the human population commonly in blood transfusion recipients. It is current ly an expanding problem in both the tropical, as well as subtropical regions (Knoop, 2010). On the global scale, it is the most frequent arbiviral infectious disease, estimated at 100 million cases for dengue fever yearly, 300,000 cases for dengue hermorrhagic, and about 30,000 deaths annually (Gubler, 2010). The infections for Dengue virus are reported in more than one hundred countries, with estimated 2.5 billion people living in dengue endemic areas. It has been reported that Dengue cases commonly occur among the international travelers (Chen, 2010). It has, therefore, emerged to be a major concern for the international public health. Dengue disease is transmitted by some mosquito species in the genus Aedes. Some of the symptoms of dengue fever include pains of the muscles and joints, fever, and headaches. It is characterized by the skin rash resembling measles rushes (Chen, 2010). The disease might develop into dengue hemorrhage fever, which is life-threatening and this might le ad to bleeding, low blood pressures and plasma leakages (Suharyono, 2007). So far, there is no known developed vaccine for the disease. Prevention of the disease is, therefore, sought through the reduction of the habitat and the mosquitoes, as well as limiting exposures to the mosquito bites. The environment that aggravates the occurrence of dengue infections include the mosquito prone environments such as tropical warm regions, bushy areas that favor mosquito breeding, and other conducive mosquito favoring conditions (Wolff, & Johnson, 2009). For the past ten years, incidences of dengue fever have dramatically increased in Villas de Trujillo. Reported cases range from five thousands to ten thousands per year in Villas de Trujillo area alone. This paper explores the planning of a Dengue Community Action Program, which is meant to reduce the rising cases of Dengue infections in Villas de Trujillo. The paper involves examining of the authentic workplace quality improvement need for th e residents of Villas de Trujillo using data to support Dengue community Action Program, applying the quality improvement model in the identified need, determining members of the quality improvement team, and identifying a leader who would champion the quality improvement initiative. To address the issues listed above, the paper is segmented into five parts. Part one involves clearly

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biology - Prader-Willi Syndrome - Research Paper Example It was first described by Andrea Prader and Heinrich Willi in 1956. It is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes or some subsets are deleted, translocated or unexpressed on the paternal chromosome 15. For the genes affected in PWS, the paternal copy is expressed while the maternal one is silenced. The PWS genes are maternally imprinted making the copy inherited from the father active. With this copy absent in PWS due to chromosomal translocation, both copies are imprinted in the maternal realm making the normal genes absent. Therefore people with PWS have a working and a non-working copy. The characteristics of PWS are stunted development in the intellectual functioning same as those associated with intellectual disability. A chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive hunger and life –threatening obesity arises. Then there is a likelihood of strange behavior or complications that may have effect on ones quality life or on the family members negatively. These ch aracteristics draw the quest for scientific research because the genes which are not expressed and thought to be responsible for the disorder are imprinted. PWS is an example that shows the function of imprinted genes in development. This knowledge has led to extensive research about imprinted genes, their occurrence and process of imprinting. There are two different genotypes for PWS which ultimately lead to two phenotypes, causing the need to understand the causes of the phenotypic differences, identifying the gene and their products and discern whether they are imprinted or no (Butler 12). However, the effects of the syndrome vary from individual to individual and on different factors. This has made the exact nature of the abnormality and whether one or more genes are involved to be unknown. Some physical and behavioral features are inherently present while others are not. The syndrome poses major implications for the developing baby in the uterus and throughout the personâ€℠¢s life. At birth there is extreme floppiness and subsequent cognitive, physical and behavioral abnormalities that eventually lead to widespread medical and social needs. Information on the disorder is got from parents whose children have ever developed it, or medical practitioners who have had such a case. The following are clinical features and signs of PWS at different levels of development: In utero, there is decrease in fetal movement, frequent abnormal fetal position and seldom excessive amniotic fluid, a condition known as polyhydramnios. At birth, there is often caesarian births, difficulties in feeding due to poor muscle tone affecting the sucking process, and respiratory difficulties. At infancy level, the difficulties in feeding advances, oversleeping is evident, crossed eyes and delay in intellectual development. At childhood there are notable delays in speech production, overeating from the age of 2-4 years leading to excessive weight gain and sleeping problems. At adol escence, puberty delays, obesity sets in followed by extreme flexibility and a short physique. In adulthood, infertility is common in males and females, vulnerability to diabetes mellitus, learning disabilities, obesity and reduced growth of pubic hair. The general physical appearance of a PWS adult victim comprise the following characteristics: incomplete sexual development, excess fat on the central part of the body, high, narrow forehead, small hands and feet, light skin and hair unlike other family members, and delayed motor development (Waters 85). Cognitively, PWS patients have low or below average intelligent quotient that is generally unusual. Children portray a high visual and perception capacity on reading and writing with poor articulatory and understanding processes. Coordinating received information word by word is relatively hard for them as well as poor arithmetic skills, leading to memory lapses and auditory retention span. Abnormal behavioral patterns include insati able appetite resulting in increased obesity. The cause for

Luke and Jesus in Biblical Text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Luke and Jesus in Biblical Text - Essay Example Among his first tasks was to call some twelve men who were henceforth his disciples. These were twelve in number. In spite of his being a son of a carpenter, the Bible further teaches that Jesus grew into one of the greatest teaches history has had to offer, and arguably the greatest teacher of his time. Over and above his great teachings, Jesus is reputed as a great healer and performer of miracles. These, together with his great teachings, earned him great fame trough out the land. In the course of time, the Bible records that Jesus fell out with the Jewish religious leaders and teachers (including the High Priest of the time) and was hence closely watched and tracked as his rivals looked for the opportune time to kill him. It was hard for the conspirator to succeed in their mission for some time. They at times feared that the people would riot since Jesus was loved and followed by many people. When they ultimately managed to get him, they effectively accused him falsely and mobilized mobs that ensured that even if acquitted, he would still get killed. They were successful in getting him killed, and this happened on a cross in the hands of the Romans. All these events and occurrences had been foretold in the Old Testament by many prophets who spoke, taught and prophesied in Israel and Judah. It is remarkable that a lot of details about a king in the future had been foretold, and of all figures in history, only Jesus satisfied all that had been spoken. That included being born of a virgin and in the lineage of King David. Given his story, all the prophecies about him as well as the detailed accounts of his life, it is only reasonable to conclude that Jesus was on earth with a clearly defined mission. Whether the biblical text in Luke 4: 14-30 adequately defines his agenda on earth is thus the big question to consider.

MPH502-Introduction to Public Health (Module 3 SLP) Essay

MPH502-Introduction to Public Health (Module 3 SLP) - Essay Example In this step it is assessed as to how much a certain disease is prevalent and what has been done in this regard. In this step the government takes data of different hospitals and analyzes which disease or disorder is increasing and needs to be addressed. It also analyzes if the health care programs are fulfilling the needs of the individuals who are suffering from such problems. Moreover all this is analyzed by the government officials and specific figures are taken. These figures are then compared and a proper research method is carried out to see how much the disease has affected people and how much is being done in this regard. This particular step is mainly developed by the federal government as they are the ones who design policies. And it is the state and local governments who have to follow these policies later. In this step specific policies are developed so as to counter act on the analysis of different diseases that have been found in the region. These policies also include health care programs for workers and other civilians. Programs such as Medicare, Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance program are examples of the policies designed by the government. These programs help to provide insurance to those people who have a low income or are above the age of 65. Similarly environmental policies are also implemented which aim at lowering the incidence of a certain disease such as the swine flu. All these policies were developed in the aim of lowering the prevalence of a certain disease and increasing health coverage to all the individuals living in the society. However more policies are needed regarding the prevention of certain diseases and disorders, for example coverage for all the individuals living in the society for free and without any exceptions. State governments are mainly responsible for the health promotion activities. Health promotion activities such as the prevention of AIDs have been widely

Bilingual Education in Turkey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bilingual Education in Turkey - Research Paper Example This report highlights that there are programs of bilingual education undertaken in turkey and the possible ways that can be used to teach English in a more efficient way. Finally, the problems experienced in teaching and acquisition of English language in turkey and especially the minority communities, Kurdish and Armenian and the possible solutions that can be adopted in attempt to solve the problem of acquisition and teaching of English language.As the discussion stresses  the geography of turkey is feasible, the climate is warm hence very conducive for human life and is very rich in natural resources, and thus it attracted people from different areas. There are different languages that the researchers have used over time; this gives the evidence of turkey as a bilingual state. The nationality of turkey has undergone changes over time resulting from the change of its nature and constituency. Turkey has been concentrating on issues concern the building of its nation since the twe ntieth century but currently it has undergone several changes into a state power despite the social problems it undergoes. The citizens of Turkey were disappointed by the hegemonic system of government where their hopes very high, consequently, the government failed.  The military coup that took place in 1960 showed the failure of this system of government which was later followed by several interventions of the military.

Circuit Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Circuit Lab Report Essay Ohm’s Law is V = I * R or in some cases I = V / R. The next two laws were established by a German physicist by the name of Gustav Kirchhoff. Kirchhoff’s first law is his voltage law. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that around any loop in a circuit, the voltage rises must equal the voltage drops. The next law that Kirchhoff introduced was his current law. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving the junction. These laws, however, cannot be proven or tested without the aid of a multimeter. A multimeter is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. The multimeter has different programs to measure voltage, current, resistance, etc. produced from one of two types of circuits. The first type of circuit is a series circuit. A series circuit is a circuit in which the components are arranged end to end in such a way that the electric current flows through the first component, through the next component, and so on, until it reaches the source again. In contrast, a parallel circuit is a circuit in which the has more than one resistor and has multiple paths to move along. The main purpose of this lab was to prove the laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff. On another note, being able to take part in this lab taught my partner and I the fundamental skills of constructing series and parallel circuit and using a multimeter to calculate the current and voltage of a circuit. I believe that if we only have the basic materials to conduct electricity (such as resistors, alligator clip, cords, a multimeter, and a power source), then we can still prove the that the laws that Ohm and Kirchhoff established are in fact reliable sources for calculating data regarding certain electrical circuits. I’ve reached this hypothesis because Ohm’s laws and Kirchhoff’s two laws are supposed to be laws used for any electrical circuits. Based on this, these three laws should be able to be validated with this experiment. Materials Power Source Alligator Clips 1,000 Ohms Resistor 10,000 Ohms Resistor Multimeter Methods Ohm’s Law 1. Assemble circuit as seen in figure 1 and set the multimeter to current 2. install series in the circuit and set the power supply to 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 3. record number on multimeter and compare to the calculated current using Ohm’s law Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 1. assemble circuit as seen in figure 2 and set multimeter to volts 2. install in parallel over both resistors and set the power supply to 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 3. record number on multimeter and see if the total voltage dropped equals voltage added Kirchhoff’s Current Law 1. Assemble circuit as seen in figure 3 and set multimeter back to current 2. install at all three points at both junctions 3. see if the current entering the junction is equal to the current leaving the junctions Discussion Our lab in general, went fairly well. We took our time and did not rush through this lab, so we could get the best results, but we did have some trouble with our Multimeter on more than one occasion. For example, while we were attempting to prove Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law. The Multimeter, at first was acting up and completely just not working, but we then realized that it was not set on the correct measuring task. Then, on the same two labs, we were getting readings from the Multimeter that made no sense. It told us that the current for the circuit was 967.83 Ohms which for the type of circuit that we built, was impossible. After fixing the problem with the Multimeter and proving Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, we moved onto the Current Law that Kirchhoff established. This time, the problem wasn’t the Multimeter, or the resistors, or the power supply, or anything else. It was us. We were overall a bit confused on how the circuit was created and it took a long time to eventually construct and then prove. Even though the problems were an annoyance, the lab was very insightful and taught us a lot about electric currents and circuits. Conclusion At the conclusion of this experiment, our results supported our hypothesis greatly even though our numbers were not a hundred percent on point. But there is room for error, like the fact that the power supply was not great quality and doesn’t give exactly 3 volts or 4.5 volts or any of that. Also, the resistors are not high-quality resistors and are also worn down from years of use, so they don’t give exactly 1,000 / 10,000 Ohms like we were looking for. Other sources of error included the Multimeter, which was not exact because the Multimeter rounds numbers, the Alligator clips, which are (like the power supply and resistors) not the best and shed energy, and our calculations, which could have suffered from any addition or multiplication or division error.

Impact of Technology on Graphic Design

Impact of Technology on Graphic Design In our society technology is the dominant industry. In this essay I plan to look at how technology has impacted not only western society but in particularly graphic design since the digital revolution. We in the field of graphic design are particularly affected by technology although the digital age has increased possibilities for designers; it has also had a number of possible negative effects. I plan to look at both sides of the argument in detail and give examples of how they contrast with one another and yet in the right hands can be used together to create visually engaging pieces. In western society, we are in the middle of a technological revolution. As the world has become increasingly digital, there has been a change in the way people communicate, the way that they purchase items and the way that they socialize. This digital revolution has also contributed ti changes in graphic design over the last decade. Before the amalgamation of programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Quark Express and Autodesk Maya, we would never be able to see digital pieces of the complexity that we can currently see today. Not only has technology altered the way that work is created, it has also completely changed the way that we present our work. Today most designers have at least one form of online presence; be it a Facebook fan page, a twitter feed, a blog where they share their thoughts or even just a portfolio site where their work is showcased, many designers use the internet as their main source of publicity. It is due to the ability to show things, such as moving animation work or interactive multimedia pieces and the fact that designers can share a higher percentage of their work without limitations of size or quality makes using digital technology so appealing. With a traditional paper portfolio, it is rarely possible to accommodate all our workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.with a laptop we can take everything (Shaughnessy 2010) The use of portfolio sites has gained a great deal of attention in the world of graphic design. Although on one hand they are responsible for many artists gaining helpful critiques and exposure to a new audience, there is also a huge problem of plagiarism in the online community. One example of how websites like DeviantArt.com are abused is the case of Lara Jade. A photographer who published a selection of her work online, for others to enjoy. This was all very well until a viewer of her work messaged her to tell her that one of her self-portraits, taken at the age of fourteen was being used on the cover of a pornographic DVD.  [1]  actual refeerence It took three years of legal action for the distributers of the DVD to stop using her image as the cover, even after they were made aware of the copyright and the age of the cover star. Sites such as DeviantArt.COM are facing a backlash from their loyal supporters who have got to a stage where the amount of plagiarism has taken away the joy of uploading work. Many designers are simply not willing to let their work be stolen in exchange for a brief exposure to a website with 37% of their members being between 18-24. With so many members, DA is destined not only to be a target of plagiarists, but also a home for them. (Bailey 2007) Technology is also used predominately in the designing and creation of work in the graphic design field. Since the digital revolution, we have seen a massive change in the way that, for example, motion graphics is created. Programs such as Adobe After Effects have increased productivity in the motion industry as it allows designers to create animations in an extremely short amount of time compared to when they were traditionally analogue created. An example of this are the classic Disney animations such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Beauty and the Beast or The Lion King, all of which were created using traditional stocks cell animation,  [2]  with each frame having to be individually drawn. [Need to Expand] Looking further afield than at motion graphics specifically, we also see how other digital programs have increased workflow for many designers. Whereas before the digital revolution, many hours were spent with pencils arranging compositions, design mocks can now be creat ed in a very short amount of time by sketching straight onto a computer using a tablet input alongside an image program like Adobe Photoshop. By drawing straight onto the computer, cutting out the paper stage, we also see how sketches can be sent directly to our clients through e-mail or FTP  [3]  this allows our clients to see work in progress and for any changes to be made instantaneously. Look at eco benefits -you dont waste paper! The success of the Internet has also changed the way that designers find inspiration for their work. Where before the digital age designers scanned through history books for inspiration they now can type the theme that they are searching for straight into Google and instantly be given a wide selection of results. This has also led to an increase in the aforementioned plagiarism cases as search engines allow ideas to be easily seen by many, increasing the opportunity for them to be stolen with no concept of ownership. Another aspect of graphic design, which has changed with the increase in technology, is the way designers publicize pieces. Where before success relied heavily on word-of-mouth for designs to become popular and to be seen by people, nowadays there is the use of websites such as DeviantArt.COM, Linkdin.COM or Behance.NET instead. Websites like these have allowed artists on the other side of the world to view our work, which in turn has led to more commissions. QUESTOINAIRE EVIDENCE these websites have also incorporated people not usually associated with a particular field to become integrated within design. EXPLAIN we are seeing, even outside of design, an increase in sharing sites such as Flickr and stumbleupon. These websites load pages whose contents are rated by the viewers, who are given this information randomly. If your page is rated highly enough you will get more views from people interested in the same genres is that you are. Even in todays digital age the process of creating design usually still starts with pencil. QUESTIONNAIRE as proof these pencil sketches are primarily used to create compositions usually to be reworked each time to experiment with new ideas. From there the pencil sketches are usually scanned into the computer then moved to Photoshop to clean up lines. Using brush tools, the image is occasionally coloured from the Pantone selection then it is transferred to the printer where finishes can be applied to the piece. We have seen many designers who have incorporated both traditional and digital mediums into their work. The first designer to truly utilise a computer in terms of layout was April Greiman. Eskilson (2007) stated that Greiman was one of the first graphic designers make use of the powerful tools in a computer. He notes that Greiman did not view the computer as simply a functional tool but as something that had led her to experiment in a way that opened up new avenues of design. Expand As she started to gain popularity we started to see the origins of the techniques that we still used today. In her work she uses techniques in a way that creates chaos on our screens. The images look slightly intentionally like they purposely contain mistakes as a way of creating a sense of energy that was not seen in the other work of that time. Anaylse a piece of work, unpack moe layering of information enabled by the computer Today we are seeing an uprising against the over digitalized style work. We are seeing a rise in the popularity of traditional print-based media as designers are striving for the type of imperfection that was commonplace before the digital revolution. This can be seen today in many sources. Just one look at designs from todays creative area gives you the opportunity to see an abundance of textures and overlays used to create the implied use of traditional media. The problem of doing this is that creative directors can then why would a designer not just create traditionally? Instead of overlaying texture that leaves the viewer to believe that the image was screen printed why not just screen-print the image in the first place? EVIDENCE Dont let your perceptions of the what seems to be a tradition in the design community (or any other community for that matter) dictate how you go about your work (Ward 2010) In graphic design today people do not want to see lifeless art that looks digitalised. No longer does Western society want to see photorealism in design. QUOTE the creative industry is actively looking for a personal touch in each bit of design that is viewed which can be seenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Products are also seen gaining popularity in the design world, this is due to the unique hand rendered quality that gives the ability to touch the product that is paid for, rather than just being sent a digital imitation of the original file. With work in the digital age, there is no essence of work. It is lost with the lack of physical hard copy of each piece. In other words, the unique value of the authentic work of art has its basis in ritual, the location of its original use value. This ritualistic basis, however remote, is still recognizable as secularized ritual even in the most profane forms of the cult of beauty. (Benjamin 2008) With work created in a digital environment there is no such thing as an original. We can never be in ownership of an original copy of the digital piece of work, as it does not technically exist, but is simply a digital file. Replicas can be made extremely cheaply with digitally created work, all it takes is a printer connected to a computer to create a copy of any print that you create. The fact that work can be made quickly and cheaply makes art open to the masses. It leads to a less hieracial and more democratic art ownership. An example of this is Andy Warhol and his work with the portraits of Marilyn Monroe. He used a famous image of Monroe, by Gene Korman for the film Niagara, as the basis for a series of silkscreened images. Although Warhol did create his own work, he used the language of repetition to show how art can be mass produced. Although his work is produced on a huge scale, the work he creates is very rare and expensive. EXPAND- can print on many materials One of the most important developments of the digital age is communication. As designers we receive most of our work through electronic means be that e-mail, portfolio websites or just through forums. The use of e-mail has completely changed the way that designers communicate. WHY? Before the popularity of e-mail grew, designers were completely at the mercey of their clients. If clients telephoned, with regards to work, a company and no one answered the phone they would probably lose the commission. This contrasts today where a client can just send an e-mail to the company and it will be read, maybe not instantaneously but it means that the company had not missed work. With emails, we have the options for things like Out of office auto replies, which makes the client aware that it may not be responded to straight away but has been noted. One contrast about e-mails is that in this age they are not considered as a personal way of communication. We have lost the interaction with the cli ent as it is hard sometimes to portray your point or opinion through text. This could lead to confusion due to a piece of work not being to the specifications that the client could not express through typing. In Western society, many artists have utilised both traditional and digital mediums. These ideas show people how both mediums can come together in harmony to create an exciting pieces. One such artist is look at positives and negatives When we look at the digital revolution and consider how it has affected technology, we must look at the impact change has had on the digital side of graphic design. One area that shall be focused on, that is actively changed, is the area of motion graphics and animation. We have seen the art of the title sequence change over time. From its humble beginnings as a way of simply crediting the people who have been involved in the project, all the way through Saul Basss reinvention of titles being a way to introduce the story, to Kyle Cooper today creating visually stunning pieces that both incorporate and link to the main story. One title sequence that specifically stands out is that of the HBO TV series The Pacific. This title sequence takes us through charcoal drawings of the main characters, which in turn visually transform into live-action sequences of the character. This represents the change that the characters face throughout the series but also from a visual point, shows how trad itional and digital mediums can come together to create exciting visual experiments. Typography has also been reinvented with the use of motion graphics, we are now seeing static images of text being thrown across a screen in TV adverts and information broadcasts. The example of The Pacific is used so that the viewer can be taken through a journey from the chalk drawings to the live-action sequence. This may subliminally give the audience a connection between the past and present. The design of a title sequence such as The Pacific couldnt use digitalized work due to the context of the piece. The area of 3D graphics is another part of graphic design that has been reinvented by the emersion of digital technologies. From the very beginning of that change creativity and design was infused with the power of technology. (Hession 2010) Before the digital revolution 3D models were sculpted by hand and in films we had the use of puppets in place of what is today created by computer aided design. In films such as the original Star Wars, all the aliens and creatures were hand held puppets. These puppets were then held by different animators in the position the director wanted. Today it can be seen how the models have changed. Now it is common to see, in different companies across the film world, several designers in front of their computers using software such as 3DS Max or Maya to create the type of artefacts that would have never have been possible if created by hand. QUOTE although some hand created designs are exceptional pieces, by utilizing 3D software designers are able to m anipulate the character in ways never before possible. Models bigger than ever before-> Pixar work In other areas like computer game art, we see the necessity of 3D modelling software. To create interactive worlds and destructible environments designers rely on computer technology. WHY? Objects created with digital programs are a lot easier to create and control. Finding a location in real life where you can control the elements and lighting to create an atmosphere would be an impossible task. In computer games, designers need to create a whole world for the player to interact with By using 3-D software that designers can repeat visual items to save time and space on the disc. EXAMPLE The video game market is one of our societys highest grossing industries. Video games, once thought to be a fad, have worked their way into the fabric of international culture. At present, Sony has shipped more than 80 million PlayStations worldwide and Nintendo have sold more than 110 million game boys. When you look at the humble beginnings of the video game, from its Japanese playing cards roots to todays multi-million dollar industry we see how the digital revolution has changed the way millions of people interact with their computers. This is another example of the way the digital age has inadvertently changed the thinking of humanity forever. No longer are we restrained by our 9-to-5 jobs, when we can take on a second life in virtual reality. If a person has had a bad day at the office they can now load up the PlayStation3 and use it to take their anger out on people around the world by playing a first person shooter game. The area of illustration is one that although touched by the digital revolution, hasnt been changed completely by it. Quote it is still viewed as a traditional medium by artists due to the fact that most images are still hand rendered using inks and pencils. We do see digital illustrations but these make up a much smaller percentage of illustration when compared to the traditional illustration styles. One example is in the area of concept art. Here drawings are created loose and freely, by hand, as it easier for other artists to develop their own ideas onto a hand drawn image than it is to draw, scan and then email digital files. They can be jotted down on paper and simply handed over to another designer. It is after many changes and redrafts that concept art is then placed onto a computer and developed digitally from there. We see this technique with animated film from picture houses such as DreamWorks and Pixar and to an extent Disney animations. Images are drawn during brainstormi ng and if they are approved they are developed further by hand until they are passed onto the 3D development team. By using this process designers can make little changes to animations quickly and easier than it would be to render a whole scene using 3-D software. Even in this digital age there are many specialised traditional mediums in the forefront of design. In the area of print, such as mono-printing or silkscreen printing, there is currently an uprising in popularity in both traditional and hand rendered designs. By using techniques such as collaging we are seeing designers using a hands-on style of working. By working by hand, it allows designers to create one-off pieces or to create many individual unique pieces that add value when being resold. Example. The physical ownership is one of the main factors in purchasing of art. Mediums such as sculpture or paint still cannot be accurately replicated in the digital world, even with the recent advancements; there is no way for designers to be hands on with the medium they are using to create their piece. Interactivity is one of, if not the main benefactor of the digital revolution. We are now able to create pieces where people interact with the things they see on screen. This has opened up a whole range of ways that designers can involve the viewer in the piece. For example on a website now people can be made to click on the specific area that they want to see, if you want to see football results you could click on the football on a webpage and be taken straight to that specific site. Not only are people looking at work online, now they are actively involved in the piece. Saffer (2006) states that the reason for interactive design is to enable connections between people, that interactivity has made easier communications between themselves and the world. By looking at the sales figures of software like Adobe Flash we can see how popular interactivity has become. There are many websites and tutorials dedicated to flash-based gaming, as well as applications and advertisements and with their popularity we can see exactly how interactivity has become a pivotal part of graphic design. We are also seeing interactivity being spread to our mobile phones with the Android Marketplace, the Apple App store as well as brand specific mobile applications shops. It has been another source of revenue for interactive designers. Most interaction designers work on software, websites, and other technology like mobile devices. But interaction designers can also design services which have little to no technology in them. By services, I mean processes and ways of doing activities. (Saffer 2006)Talk about change Today, designers still look at illustration as a traditional aspect of design. It hasnt changed much over the last few years and more specifically since the digital revolution as much as other mediums of design have. We still see designers using traditional mediums such as paints and pencils to create their work where in the digital age it is all mouse and keyboard. There are good points to both traditional and digital illustrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In the area of illustration, in one instance being comic art we are still seeing traditional illustrators and colourist being hired to produce their work on an international scale. One such artist is Sean Phillips, an illustrator and colourist who has worked for Marvel as well as his own independent books, which have been sold worldwide. Phillips still uses traditional mediums, such as watercolour paints, in his work this being unusual for a colourist. This gives him a unique selling point as many comic book colourists strictly stick to digital mediums due to a wide range of colours availability. Also ease of reproduction previously mentioned As a viewer of todays digitalised graphic design medium a question could be asked. Could design go back to a traditional media? Would todays illustrators be able to make a name for themselves without the digital media? Could designers who solely use e-mail as a source of communication be able to survive? Instead of using Adobe illustrator pen tool, would designers be able to manually trace objects before putting them on the final piece? Would designers be able to survive without the undo command? answer these questions One aspect of the digital age that is usually overlooked is the opportunity for designers to work anywhere in the world. No longer are designers stuck behind their desks working. With the growing popularity of laptops, and to a smaller extent notebooks, we are seeing designers being able to work anywhere in the world and still communicate with their home office. There are a number of freelance designers working on beaches or in the park without losing any commissions. This greater level of opportunity for designers to work in their own space has meant that no longer do companies need to hire in-house designers. This in turn has had a good effect on the industry as it means less money is being paid out to temporary workers who work in house at the company (quote) One question that must be asked with the arrival of the digital age in relation to graphic design is, has the Internet made a universal style of graphic design through the world? Whilst looking at digitally created work on the Internet, it is extremely hard to see the national style of the designer. When we look, for example, at architecture there is a difference between buildings made in Spain against those made in the UK. We see the different building materials available to the region at the time of construction play an important part in the building process. That is how we define individual buildings in one town from another; and in succession creates regional differences. This is not seen in graphic design as throughout the world everyone has the same tools. If a graphic designer in Argentina wants to create a piece using Adobe Illustrator they will have access to the same tools that a designer would have here. This means that although the actual idea may be involved in the desig ners culture its tools may not necessarily be so. Maybe as designers we have to look past the tools that are used. Builders create their style not only in the materials they use but the designs that building adhere to. A builder uses bricks but can create many different outcomes. Do designers use the constraights of software to cover the lack of originality in their ideas?Quote this is also due to postmodernism We are seeing a universal style throughout many areas of design not just limited to illustration. As Adobe has become the worldwide industry standard in design software, everyone is using the same programs to create their work, a question must be asked Are we restricted to the software limitations whilst creating? Have we lost individual artistic flair, as designers are unable to replicate the styles they use in digital software? Although we are starting to see traditional brush tools being produced in software such as Corel Painter since CS5 Photoshop, they are nowhere close to being able to create the same textures and brushstrokes that we can when using real brushes. In graphic design we see styles come and go like fashion. Every few years we see a cycle of designers coming from art school re-inventing certain styles. Recently design has left the photorealistic style of images replaced with a retro style bringing aspects from the 1980s with designers utilizing neon colours and strong polygon shapes. Todays illustrators wear their respective styles like an overcoat, and unless major changes in fashion occur overnight, they tend to keep that coat for many seasons, while adding accessories that keep you up-to-date. (Wiedemann 2010) We often see video game style art in this cycle. where the smoothed elements of the piece replicate a perfect world. It is in instances like this that digital arts is often seen as similar to traditional art where styles gain and lose popularity over time. These stylesin art are also a theoretical approach to understanding culture of a particular time. Individual styles can become movements, with each one developing and advanceing our understanding, not just visually but also the context of a piece. In western society use technology in everything we do. Listening to music at a train station on the way to work, checking the news on your phone in case anything interesting has happened. If we do not know something, we Google straightaway Wikipedia has replaced the encyclopaedia due to its instant results, which can be updated by the user. As technology advances we replace the old things with improvements. MySpace is not used due to the popularity of Facebook. Images are not held in photo books like they used to be but will be uploaded to Facebook profiles. The same with music now we download instead of buying physical items these are then stored on a hard-drive but what happens if a computer is broken down or stolen. We lose our paths, our memories and personal identities all are on the hardware that we have on our desks at home. Have we given our computers our personalities? Have they become more than just a storage solution? do we depend on technology to match? Kids cant even spe nd a day without their mobile phones.tv show evidence psychologists are saying that Next Generation has addiction to technology quote surely it doesnt help stress levels in our society to be able to be spoken to at any point in time. When do we get a chance to turn our brains off? With companies requesting their workers to use blackberrys it means that we have no time to ourselves as we are in contact with work 24 seven. It is not that we leave work at 6 PM anymore; it follows us on the way to our homes. Your boss will not hesitate to call you because you are on holiday. If you are sick you are still expected to work from just because you sneeze does not mean you cannot type on a spreadsheet!